9/5/2023 0 Comments Mostly black beeIn Germany and Austria, among others, people worked in a more structured way. In our regions, the multiplication and selection of bee colonies was left to nature in the sense swarming, and after swarming they were put back on a beehive. Crossing the ligustica with the native mellifera, however, resulted in a stab and swarmful hybrid.Īt the same time, a different story unfolded to the east of us. Initially by the French, but slowly this also advanced to Belgium and the Netherlands. The ligustica (a subspecies from group C) had the name of much honey to collect and was therefore imported from Italy at the end of the 19th century. This import started in the second half of the 19th century, grew strongly in the interbellum period and reached its peak after WWII. For example, Northern European beekeepers came up with the idea of importing selected ligustica and carnic bees to cross them with their native black bees so that their new bees would inherit the best qualities from both parents. The higher honey production of other subspecies made beekeepers experiment with us here. The black bee extended its territory to an area that stretched from southern France to Scandinavia and from the British Isles to the west side of the Ural Mountains. However, only the black bee could seize that opportunity, because other subspecies were all trapped behind natural barriers (often mountain ranges: Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, etc.). With the end of the last ice age, the climate in Northern Europe slowly warmed up again, resulting in reviving vegetation and thus became attractive again for pollinators such as honey bees. The group in southern France evolved into the subspecies Apis mellifera mellifera or black bee, the group on the Iberian peninsula evolved into the subspecies Apis mellifera iberica or Iberian bee. Part of group M sought refuge in southern France, another part moved a little further south towards the Iberian Peninsula (which was possible because the sea level was lower). With the arrival of the last ice age, Group M set off south, fleeing the cold advancing north. The group of western honey bees that colonized Europe along the northern route today bears the name "Group M", the group of subspecies that colonized Europe along the southern shores of the Mediterranean bears the name "Group C". Each group followed a unique route and started to differentiate itself into new subspecies according to the law of natural selection. The western honey bee Apis mellifera started colonization of the Middle East, Africa and Europe 6 million years ago from Asia.
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